[ Contents ] [ Intro ] [ Glossary ]
Chapters
[ I ] [ II ] [ III ] [ IV ] [ V ] [ VI ] [ VII ] [ VIII ] [ IX ] [ X ] [ XI ] [ XII ] [ XIII ]
Texts
[ Tatian ] [ Psalms ] [ St Emeramer Gebet ] [ Otfrid ] [ Das Ludwigslied ] [ Muspilli ] [ Notes ]

NOTES

[The references refer to the paragraphs in the grammar.]

I. Tatian

ll. 1-2. ordinon saga thio in uns gifulta sint rahhono is a rendering of the Latin : ordinare narrationem quae in nobis completae sunt rerum.

1. 3. unas gisehan = Lat. visum est.

1. 17. siu, rehtiu, beidu, are neuter, § 210.

1. 38. kind is acc. pl.

1. 67. hoisten = hohisten.

1. 69. nist = ni ist.

1. 71. thie as ther, see § 165, note 2.

1. 73, thaz thar; thar is here merely a strengthening particle to the rel. thaz.

1. 88. heilizinnes, gerund Gen. sg. of heilazen.

1. 110. nio in altare, Lat. nequaquam, ‘by no means, not so.’

1. 131. sih uns zi gebanne, an imitation of the Lat. daturum se nobis.

1. 144. 'šemo. The letter š occurs only 8 times in Tatian, viz. šemo (4), šem (2), vvuršun (1), šar (1).

1. 160. curet, imperative with neg.= Lat. nolite, and is properly the pret. subjunctive.

1. 174. thi = thie.

1. 213. Forms like ir quedent, ir uuizzunt, ingiengunt have their n from the pres. 3rd. pl.

1. 229. Instead of sagata and sagantes (1. 248), we should expect sageta, sagentes.

1. 240. hebet, see § 181, note 5.

1. 260. nintfiengun = ni intfiengun.

1. 272. ci in selbon = Lat. ad semetipsos, ‘among themselves.’

1. 281. diura. Germanic d is. as a rule, shifted to t in Tatian, but in this and a few other examples it has remained unshifted.

1. 287. nalles . . . ci imo = Lat. non quia de egenis pertinebat ad cum, ‘not that he cared for the poor.’

1. 313. fon thes = ex quo, ‘since the time.’ fon is temporal, and thes is the adverbial genitive.

l. 314. On the inf. ending of cussan, see § 185, note.

l. 339. The reg. form is quatim, see § 187.

l. 330. For the cu- in cumit, see § 179, note.

l. 334. forliosez = forliose iz, subj. pres.

l. 337. The h in giheret is inorganic.

l. 353 geet = gėt.

l. 362. zesaunn is the weak Acc. fern. sg. of zeso, used as a noun.

l. 367. sien = sie in, ‘they him.’

l. 373. ni curit vvuofen ubar mih = Lat. nolite flere super me, ‘weep not for me.’

l. 375. thendir = then + de + ir, ‘in the which ye,’ where de is the weakened form of the adv. dār. so also in thiede, thiode, thende.

l. 415. uuantih = uuanta ih.

l. 441. intfagana, pp. Acc. fern. sg. of istfahan, formed after analogy with the present. The reg. form would be intfangana.

l. 444. laz nu — Lat. sine.

l. 449. ton obanentio zunzan nidar, ‘from top to bottom.’

l. 467. uuantaz = uuanta iz.

l. 509. erdun here weak. erda is usually strong.

l. 575. sizentero is the pp. Gen. pl. of sizzen.

l. 626. fon hohi himilo io uns iro enti = Lat. a summis coelorum usque ad terminos eorum, ‘from one end of heaven to the other.’

 

II. Psalms

l. 3. The h in seher (= sėr) has no etymological meaning.

l. 4. zaala = zala, see § 4.

l. 18. cenim is the Dat. pl. of zan, see § 125, note, and § 7 (under e)

l. 20. pirumes, in place of the more usual forms pirum, pirun.

l. 25. mittih from mit dih by assimilation, mit rarely takes the accusative.

l. 29 truhtinan, see § 100.

 

III. St. Emmeramer gebet

l. 2. deih, cp. § 165, note 4.

l. 3. ędo = edo.

l. 4. kyhukkiu, with retention of the i, which, in such forms, had mostly disappeared already in the beginning of the ninth century.

l. 11. riuun is the Acc. sg, of riuwa.

l. 12. mōzi = muozi. Old ō remained undiphthongised the longest in the Bavarian dialect.

l. 16. gaotan = the common OHG. form guotan, see § 55.

l. 27. mōt = muot, see above.

 

IV. Otfrid

Before reading the extracts from Otfrid the beginner should refer to § 50, 52, 56 in the Grammar, and observe further that Germanic d and ž (th) remained unshifted initially in the Rhenish Fraaconian dialect. All words beginning here with d will be found in the Glossary under t, and those beginning with th under d.

l. 9. then is the Acc. sg. masc. of thēr. used as a demons, nirsmahetin = ni irsmaahetin.

l. 10 then, Acc. masc. sg., used as rel. pr. uuol = uuola.

l. 17. theist = thaz ist; so also in ll. 20, 48, 55, 196, 243.

l. 22. theis = thaz iz ; so also l. 37.

l. 24 sies = sie is; so also in ll. 76, 105.

l. 52. After scal supply lazan.

l. 58. dualtun, pret. 3rd pl. of dwellen.

l. 75. zirreettinne = zi irrettenne.

l. 77. in. Dat. pl. nintfuarit == ni intfuarit.

l. 78. si refers to liut.

l. 80. uuorahta, forahta, see § 68.

l. 99. After skal supply sin.

l. 118. zimo = zi imo.

l. 119. nintstante = ni intstante.

l. 121. hōr = hōre, subj. pres.

l. 139. irdualta, pret. sg. of irdwellen.

l. 133. firvuurti, pret. subJ. offirwėrdan.

l. 161. zen = zi thēn, Dat. pl.; so also in l. 337.

l. 163. festiz = festi iz. in festi duan = ‘to make sure, certain.’

l. 167. theih = thie ih.

l. 195. siuz = zi iu iz. ni siuz smerza, ‘let it not be a pain to

you.’

l. 197. then, supply ther. ingeit, pres. 3rd sg. of ingān, see § 205, note.

l. 201. uuariz = uuari iz, ‘if it were.’

l. 202. iuih = iuwih.

l. 217. untar zuein, ‘doubtful.’

l. 220. givuuag (with Gen.), pret. sg. of the strong verb * giwahan, with g from the pret. plural. Cp. the pret. sluog beside sluoh.

l. 222. mo = imo; so also in l. 255.

l. 224. nirknāhet = ni irknāet. The h is inorganic.

l. 226. hiluh = hilu ih.

l. 238. drof (lit. ‘a drop’), a strengthening negative particle.

l. 259, ingegin = ingagan.

l. 262. thie ōstoron gifehotin ina fagaisi tu pasca (John xviii. 28), ‘that they might eat the passover.’

l. 263. nintriatun = ni intriatun.

l. 265. uzgigiang, pret. sg, of uzgigangan,

l. 269. fuer er = fuari er.

l. 279. thie liuti, i.e. the Jews.

l. 281. niruuant (with Gen.) = ni iruuant, pret. sg. of irwintan.

l. 299. sinsaz = si (Acc. pl) insaz.

l. 301. bistū = bist thū.

l. 325. theih, see § 165, note 4. quīs contracted from quidis.

l. 340. dāto. Gen. pl.

l. 345. ther is subj.; skāhāri, predicate.

l. 368. gistillen wi   Dat. pers., Gen. rei; so also in l. 388 with reflex. Dat.

l. 369. heraūz = hera ūz, ‘out.’

l. 401. uuildū = wili thū ; uueistū = weist thū.

l. 402. steit, pres. 3rd sg. of stan, see note to § 205.

 

V. Das Ludwigslied

Forms containing d or th will be found in the Glossary under t or d respectively.

l. 2. imos = imo es. lōnōn usually takes the Dat. of the pers. and Gen. rei, but cp. l. 40.

l. 7. gideilder = gideilda er.

l. 8. czala = zala.

l. 11. lietz = liez, pret. sg. of lāzan.

l. 16. sīdh ( = O.E. sīž), see sīd in the Glossary.

l. 21. erbarmēdes = erbarmēda es.  uuisser = wissa (pret. sg. of wizzan) er.

l. 33. mīnan, Dat. pl., weakened form of mīnēn; so also in ll. 43, 53, 59 : sīnan from sīnēn.

l. 24. heigun = eigun, ‘have.’ The h has here no etymological value. sa, more frequently se, the unaccented form of the pronoun sie.

ll. 25, 26. ‘Then said Ludwig, “Lord, I will do, unless death deprive me of it, all that thou biddest.” ’

l. 37. huob. pret. 3rd sg. of heffen, see § 181, note 4.

l. 30. al is Nom. plural, quādhun, pret. pl. of quēdan (quēdhan):

the regular form would be quātun.

l. 34. ob hiu rāt thūhti, ‘if it should seem advisable to you.’ The form hiu occurs also in ll. 32, 35. It is properly the Dative form. The h has no etymological value. In such cases the h occurs only in MSS. which were copied by ignorant scribes.

l. 35. uncih == unz ih.

l. 39. In ellian, ‘according to (his) strength.’

l. 40. imoz = imo iz, cp. l. 2.

l. 43. uuolder = wolda er. On sīnan see l. 23.

l. 45. gerēda, pret. sg. of gėrēn (with Gen.) ; her sihit thes her gerēda, ‘he sees what he wished for.’

l. 46. frāno, indecl. adj. (properly the Gen. pl. of frō = Goth. frįuja, ‘Master, Lord, God’), divine, holy.’

l. 47. kyrrieleison, ‘Lord, have mercy upon us’; from kurioV  and

ileiw.

l. 50. ‘There fought none of the warriors like Ludwig fought.’

l. 53. cehanton, ‘into the hands.’ sīnan, see note to l. 23.

l. 54. hin. Dat. pl. of her. On hio = io cp. notes to ll. 24, 34. Sō uuē hin hio thes lībes! = N.H.G. Wehe immer ihnen des Lebens!

l. 57. uuolar, interj,: ‘hail, well done!’

l. 58. sōser = sōsō er; sōses = sōsō es.

 

VI. Christ and the Woman of Samaria

l. 2. ze untarne, ‘at midday.’ OE. undern, ‘the time before midday,’ especially about 9 a.m., or from 9 to 12. zeinen = ze einen.

l. 12. buzza, from Lat. puteus, ‘well’

l. 13. habis, after the analogy of the strong verbs, or weak verbs of the first conjugation. Cp. also such forms as hebis hebit, segis segit, for habēs habēt, sagēs sagēt; see § 193, note 2.

l. 24. commen = corn-man, gom-man.

l. 27. ēnin = einan. nis = ni is.

 

VII. Muspilli

Muspilli, OS. mudspelli, mutspelli, O.Icel. muspelli. The second part of the word is probably related to the OS. verb spildan, OE. spildan, O. Icel. spilla, ‘to destroy.’

l. 1. The beginning is lost. One may supply something like: ‘Let each man think that.’ touuan- On the ending -an in weak verbs see §185, note.

l. 32. chunno, Gen. pl. depen. on kilīhaz.

l. 37. hōrtih = hōrta ih.

l. 39. arhapan. the pp. of arheffen, see § 181, and note 4 to it.

l. 46. uunt = wunt, ‘wounded.’

l. 53. ēnīhc = einīg. So also in l. 55 stēn = stein.

l. 60. piehc, pret. 3rd sg. of pāgan, bāgan.

l. 61. pidungan, the pp. of pidwingan, bidwingan.

l. 94. megi, pres. subj. of magan.

l. 96. niz = ni iz.